Abstract: We report the acanthocephalan Pachysentis gethi parasitizing lesser grison Galictis cuja from Brazil. This study is the first report of this acanthocephalan species since the original description from 1950. Therefore, this report constitutes the rediscovery of this parasite after 65 years of its unique record.

Resumen: Reportamos el acantocéfalo Pachysentis gethi parasitando a Galictis cuja en Brasil. Desde la descripción original hecha en 1950, este es el primer registro para la especie. Por ello, este informe representa el redescubrimiento de P. gethi desde su único registro hace 65 años.

Abstract: The current study is the first attempt to include the many records from wild primate host species from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, along with updated information based on literature. We list a total of 50 species of helminth parasites associated with 46 species of wild primates in Brazil. A total of 814 records of helminths in wild primates from Brazil were listed, including 406 samples of helminths stored in the CHIOC. Of these samples, 16 are new host records (NHR). The majority of these helminth species are nematodes with 30 species reported, which corresponds to 60% of the total number of helminths. The helminth species with more host species is the nematode Dipetalonema gracilis (Filarioidea, Onchocercidae), associated to 13 species of primates. The primate species with more reports of helminths in Brazil is Saimiri sciureus (Cebidae), with 16 species (13 nematodes, 3 acanthocephalans). In the current study, 46 species of primates have at least 1 species of helminth recorded, which represents approximately 39% of species of this host in Brazil. Therefore, we can conclude that the helminths documented in wild primates from Brazil are obviously underestimated, since the helminth fauna in the majority of Brazilian primates remains unknown.

Resumen: El presente estudio es la primera publicación que incluye todos los registros de especies de helmintos parásitos de primates silvestres de la Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, junto con la información actualizada de los helmintos con base en la literatura. Un total de 50 especies de helmintos están asociadas con 46 especies de primates silvestres en Brasil. Se enumeran un total de 814 registros de helmintos en primates silvestres de Brasil, incluyendo 406 muestras de especies de helmintos depositados en la CHIOC. De estas muestras de la CHIOC, 16 son nuevos registros de hospedadores (NHR). La mayoría de estas especies de helmintos son nematodos con 30 especies registradas, correspondiendo al 60% del número total de helmintos. La especie de helminto con más registros es el nematodo Dipetalonema gracilis (Filarioidea, Onchocercidae), asociada a 13 especies de primates. La especie de primate con más registros de helmintos en Brasil es Saimiri sciureus (Cebidae) con 16 especies (13 nematodos, 3 acantocéfalos). En el presente estudio se observó que un total de 46 especies de primates silvestres en el país tiene al menos una especie de helmintos registrada, lo que representa aproximadamente el 39% de las especies de este grupo de hospedadores en Brasil. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que la fauna de helmintos en primates silvestres en Brasil es obviamente subestimada, ya que la helmintofauna en la mayoría de las especies de primates brasileños sigue siendo desconocida.

The prevalence of infection and associated pathology induced by two helminth and one protozoan species infecting Brazilian turkeys are reported. The intestinal nematode Heterakis gallinarum appeared with a prevalence of 70% in the infected birds, without gross lesions when not associated to the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis. Histological findings in the ceca were represented by the presence of H. gallinarum worms, intense chronic diffuse inflammatory processes with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear (heterophils) leucocyte infiltrations. The prevalence of the protozoan H. meleagridis associated to H. gallinarum was of 2.5% and microscopic examination revealed a severe inflammatory process in the liver and cecum with the presence of small clear areas with round eosinophilic parasites. Gross lesions were absent in turkeys infected with the renal digenetic trematode Paratanaisia bragai; the parasite was prevalent in 20% of the cases and cross-sections of the kidneys showed a remarkable distension of the collecting ducts with several worms in the lumen. The walls of the ducts presented a discrete heterophilic infiltrate among mononuclear cells.

Uma nova espécie de Ophidascaris Baylis, 1920 é descrita, com base em exemplares parasitos de jararaca, Bothrops jararaca Wied, 1824 no Brasil. A nova espécie agora descrita foi comparada a outras do gênero que lhe são as mais próximas. A diferenciação foi baseada em caracteres morfológicos consistentes, principalmente nos que dizem respeito ao tamanho dos espículos, número e distribuição de papilas caudais, localização da abertura vulvar, tamanho dos ovos e aspecto das indentações labiais. Além disso, os exemplares fêmeas são os únicos no gênero a apresentarem uma estrutura em forma de tubérculo pós-anal bastante característica e proeminente, quando analisados junto aos exemplares machos, nos quais existe um grande número de papilas pré-cloacais, presença de papila caudal ímpar e, também, da estrutura pós-cloacal em forma de tubérculo, embora menos evidente que nas fêmeas, permitem a pronta identificação da espécie nova.

A new species of Ophidascaris Baylis, 1920 is described on the basis of specimens recovered from the pit viper Bothrops jararaca Wied, 1824 in Brazil. The new species referred here was compared to other of the genus that are the closest. The differentiation was based on reliable morphological characters, mainly on what refers to the spicular length, number and distribution of caudal papillae, location of the vulvar opening, eggs size and aspect of the labial indentations. Moreover, female specimens are the only to possess a most prominent and characteristic post-anal tubercle-like structure and when analyzed together with the males, that show a great number of pre-cloacal papillae, the presence of an unpaired papilla and also of a less conspicuous post-cloacal tubercle-like structure, permit the prompt identification of the new species.

A sinonímia de Gynaecotyla jaegerskioeldi (Travassos, 1920) Yamaguti, 1939 com Gynaecotyla adunca (Linton, 1905) Yamaguti, 1939 é confirmada, com base no estudo morfológico detalhado do cornucótile de espécimes das duas espécies. O cornucótile é um órgão hermafrodita que pode ser formado pelo ovejetor e o duto ejaculador e é um caráter importante na diferenciação das espécies do gênero.

The synonymy of Gynaecotyla jaegerskioeldi (Travassos, 1920) Yamaguti, 1939 with Gynaecotyla adunca (Linton, 1905) Yamaguti, 1939 is confirmed, on the basis of the detailed morphological study of the cornucotyle of specimens of both referred species. The cornucotyle is a hermaphroditic organ that can be formed by the ovijector and the ejaculatory duct and is an important specific diagnostic character.

Worm burdens were evaluated and compared in two groups of the guinea pig, Cavia poreellus (Linnaeus, 1758): animals of the first group were conventionally maintained in an institutional animal house and those of the second group were openly kept in pet shops in Brazil. Animals from both sources were infected only with the nematode Paraspidodera uncinata (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1914 (10% of prevalence in guinea pigs from lhe institutional facility and 40% in those animals from the pet shop). Other helminth samples recovered from Brazilian guinea pigs during 52 years and that are deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) were also analyzed. Paraspidodera uncinata and the cestode Monoecocestus parcitesticulatus Rêgo, 1960 were identified in these samples.

Ascocotyle (Phagicola) rara sp. n. is described from the intestine of Ixobiyclius exilis (Gmelin, 1789), a Brazilian bittern. The new species is compared with Ascocotyle (Phagicola) angeloi Travassos, 1928 and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) moUieiiisicola (Sogandares-Bernal & Bridgman, 1960); the main distinguishing characters are related to the aspect of the gonotyl that is not perforated in A. (P.) rara sp. n. when compared to A. (P.) mollienisicola and the absence of the crown of spines at the anteriorend in the new species compared withA. (P.) angeloi. This is an important finding, since human infections by Phagicola spp. have been previously reported in Brazil.

One thousand two-hundred-four helminth samples recovered from Brazilian Ardeidae birds during 54 years were studied. Samples consisted of cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes, parasites of egrets and herons. Based on the present results 49 new host and three new geographical distribution records were established.

Nematodes studied herein and identified as Parabronema pecariae were collected in 1936 in the States of Rio de Janeiro and Pará and in 1940 in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This species was proposed, with basis on female specimens that had been described earlier as Parabronema sp. Although the presence of males of P. pecariae was previously reported in Brazil, their description was not provided. The present paper deals with the first complete morphometric data on male specimens of P. pecariae recovered from peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari).

A new genus, Oswaldotrema gen. nov. is proposed. Oswaldotrema nacinovici sp. nov. is descibed from Numenius phaeopus Latham, 1790. Differentiation from the other related genera, namely Philophthalmus, Pygorchis, Proctobium, Parorchis, Echinostephila, Cloacitrema, Pittacium, Ophthalmotrema, Skrjabinovermis and Paratrema, was based on morphological characters, mainly on those referring to the body surface, body shape, head, esophagus, pharynx, acetabulum, vitellaria, vitelline reservoir and seminal vesicle.

The present paper reports acuarioid nematodes recovered from avian hosts. A new species of the genus Schistorophus Railliet, 1916 is proposed based mainly on findings referring to ptilina, spicules and vagina. Ancyracanthopsis coronata (Molin, 1860) Chabaud & Petter, 1959 is referred again in Brazil since its proposition in 1860, from specimens recovered from a Brazilian bird. A revised key to the species of the genus Schistorophus is also presented.

Three species of whale Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828, B. physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758 captured in the Brazilian coast were necropsied for helminths. Balaenoptera borealis and B. physalus were infected by Crassicauda crassicauda (Nematoda, Tetrameridae) and Ogmogaster antarcticus (Digenea: Notocotylidae), which are referred for the first time in Brazil. Balaenoptera borealis was also infected by Lecithodesmus goliath (Digenea, Campulidae) and Bolbosoma turbinella (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae). Physeter catodon was infected by Anisakis physeteris (Nematoda, Anisakidae), which is a new record to this host in Brazilian waters.

Two cestode species, Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Pallas, 1781) Frölich, 1802 Cloacotaenia megalops (Nitzsch in Creplin, 1829) Wolffhügel,1938 collected from Anas bahamensis Linné, 1758 and Amazonetta brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1758) in lagoons of the Maricá District, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described. This is the first record of F. fasciolaris parasitizing A. bahamensis. The prevalence, intensity of infection, and mean intensity of infection for both species are given. Overdispersion distribution is reported for F. fasciolaris with 535 specimens collected in a single A. bahamensis. A key for the genera in the Fimbriariinae is presented. Anatomical features of F. fasciolaris and C. megalops are discussed.